论国内航空运输旅客人身伤亡责任制度承运人归责原则的走向

The Trend of the Carrier’s Attributing Principle in the Domestic Air Transport Passenger Personal Injury Liability System

国内航空运输旅客人身伤亡责任制度承运人归责原则的走向一为沿用严格责任制,二为改用国际航空运输的双梯度责任制。通过对航空运输活动的性质分析,承运人归责原则采严格责任制具有现实基础。危险来源理论、危险控制理论、风险收益并存理论为承运人采严格责任制提供了理论依据。严格责任制相较于双梯度责任制可以有效预防旅客人身伤亡事件的发生、更好地保护旅客合法权益、节约双方诉讼成本从而更符合《民用航空法》立法者的立法目的。沿用严格责任制可以有效维护法律稳定性与权威性。国内航空运输旅客人身伤亡责任制度承运人归责原则应当以沿用严格责任制为宜而非改用双梯度责任制。

In the domestic air transportation passenger personal injury liability system,the carrier’s attributing principle mainly follows two directions,one is the strict liability system,and the other is the two-tie liability sys⁃tem of international air transportation.Through the analysis of the nature of air transportation activities,the prin⁃ciple of carrier imputation has a realistic basis for adopting a strict liability system.The risk source theory,risk control theory,and risk-return coexistence theory provide a theoretical basis for the carrier to use the strict liabili⁃ty system.Compared with the two-tie liability system,the strict liability system can effectively prevent the oc⁃currence of passenger casualties;better protect the legitimate rights and interests of passengers and save the liti⁃gation costs of both parties,which is more in line with the legislative purpose of the legislators of the Civil Avia⁃tion Law.Using the strict liability system can effectively maintain legal stability and authority.In the domestic air transportation passenger personal injury liability system,the carrier’s attributing principle should follow the strict liability system instead of using the two-tie liability system.