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中国古代枇杷历史文化考述

Study on the History and Culture of Loquat in Ancient China
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摘要 枇杷与乐器琵琶同音,是江南地区特色常绿果树之一。古人认为枇杷具备四时之生气,将其果实比作黄金丸。枇杷原产中国,栽培历史悠久。唐宋以来,南方尤其是江南地区的枇杷栽培已比较普遍,且品质优良,曾作为朝廷的贡品。枇杷大约在唐代传播到了日本,后得以普遍栽植;近代以来,枇杷陆续传播到欧美国家,逐步得以推广。枇杷品种多样,古人主要按照其果肉色泽来进行分类,并通过嫁接方法来繁育良种。枇杷果实软甜多汁,营养丰富,为清热解暑佳品,枇杷叶则可以入药。枇杷树四季常青,初夏时节果实成熟,浓荫映金丸,文人学士常触景生情,以其入诗入画。中国古代枇杷历史文化,对于当今枇杷产业发展有一定的借鉴价值。 Loquat is one of the characteristic evergreen fruit trees in regions south of the Yangtze River.Loquat originated in China and has a long history of cultivation.Since the Tang and Song Dynasty,Cultivation of loquat in south China,especially in Jiangnan area,has been relatively common.Loquat was a tribute to the imperial court.Loquat spread to Japan in the Tang Dynasty and was widely cultivated later.Since modern times,loquat has been spread to Europe and the United States,and gradually popularized.Loquat varieties are diverse.The ancient people classified the loquat fruit mainly according to the color of its flesh,and bred fine varieties through grafting.The fruit of loquat is soft,sweet and juicy,rich in nutrition and good for clearing away heat and relieving heat.Loquat leaves can be used as medicine.Loquat trees are evergreen and mature in early summer.The literati are often touched by the scenery,write loquats in poems and draw them in paintings.The history and culture of loquat in ancient China has certain reference value for the development of loquat industry.
作者 李双玉 惠富平 Li Shuangyu;Hui Fuping(Institution o£Science and Technology History,Nanjing University of Information Science Technology,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210044;Institution of Chinese Agricultural Civilization,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210095)
出处 《古今农业》 2022年第1期85-90,59,共7页 Ancient and Modern Agriculture
关键词 枇杷 栽培与利用 果树史 Loquat Cultivation and utilization History of fruit trees
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