中国共产党早期组织经费的历史考察(1921-1934)

A Historical Survey of the Early Organizational Outlay of the Communist Party of China(1921-1934)

革命活动需要大量且稳定的经费,中国共产党早期的经费主要靠共产国际拨付。此外,党费亦是党的活动经费收入的一个重要渠道。借助活动经费,上级党组织能够加强对下级党组织的联系和领导。随着党员的群众化,党费交纳的标准不断地降低。南昌起义以后,因为红军作战的流动性,打土豪成为根据地党组织经费的主要收入。从1927年到1933年,上海的中共中央机关仍长期依赖共产国际的援助。中华苏维埃共和国临时中央政府成立后,财政税收成为党组织经费的主要来源之一。革命根据地大多是经济比较落后的地方,扩大苏维埃区域不失为一个解决经济问题的方法。但是,在国民政府军事“围剿”和经济封锁的双重影响下,苏区经济逐渐“内卷化”,打土豪、税收以及党费等款项不敷党组织经费的支出。因此,苏区时常有募捐之举。

Revolutionary activities required a large and steady outlay,and the Comintern was the main source of funding for the Party's early organization.In addition,Party dues are also an important channel of the party's activity funds income.With the help of campaign funds,the Party organizations at higher levels can strengthen their ties with and lead the Party organizations at lower levels.With the popularization of Party members,the standard of party dues payment is constantly lowered.After the Nanchang Uprising,because of the fluidity of the Red Army's operations,fighting the Tuhao became the main source of income for the Organization of the base areas.From 1927 to 1933,the central organs of the CCP in Shanghai continued to rely on the Comintern for support.After the establishment of the Chinese Soviet Republic,revenue from finance and taxation became one of the main sources of funds for the Party organization.The expansion of the Soviet Communist-controlled China was a solution to the economic problems of the economically backward areas,but under the combined influence of the National Government of the Republic of China military"encirclement and suppression"and the Economic Blockade,communist-controlled China's economy is becoming"entwined",with the spending of the party outstripped by the fighting of local tycoons,taxes and party dues.As a result,the Soviet area often had fund-raising.