基于AnyLogic仿真的施工现场安全事故应急疏散研究

Simulation Study on Emergency Evacuation of Major Accidents at Construction Site Based on AnyLogic

针对建筑施工现场安全事故损伤严重、应急疏散困难的问题,采用仿真模拟的研究方法可以有效优化施工现场应急疏散方案,提高应急管理人员疏散效率。首先,界定了施工现场的环境特性,并对影响疏散时间的参数进行了分析,给出了应急疏散时间标准;其次,应用仿真软件构建施工现场疏散模型,设置模型内的相应参数;再次,以某在建建筑为案例对象,针对施工总平面图布置和施工现场劳动力部署进行多次疏散模拟,得出了不同条件下的疏散时间及疏散人员密度图;最后,对模拟结果进行对比分析,得出了针对该项目的最优化劳动力部署及场地平面图布置。研究结果表明:在施工环境中应用仿真模拟技术可有效提高安全管理能力,优化施工现场应急疏散方案,降低事故发生的频率,提高疏散效率。

In terms of the serious accidents at the construction site and the difficulty of emergency evacuation,the simulation research method can effectively optimize the emergency evacuation plan at the construction site and improve the evacuation efficiency of emergency management personnel.Firstly,the environmental characteristics of the construction site and the parameters affecting the evacuation time are defined,and the time standard of emergency evacuation is given.Secondly,the application simulation software is used to construct the construction site evacuation model,and the corresponding parameters and emergency evacuation conditions in the model are set.Thirdly,selecting a building under construction as a case object,carrying out multiple evacuation simulations for the layout of the general construction plan and the optimal labor deployment of the construction site,the evacuation time under different conditions and the density map of the evacuated personnel can be obtained.Finally,through the comparative analysis of the simulation results,the optimal labor deployment and site plan layout for the project can be obtained.The research results show that the application of simulation technology in the construction environment can effectively improve the safety management ability,optimize the emergency evacuation plan at the construction site,reduce frequency of accident occurrence and improve evacuation efficiency.