制药废水处理系统中抗生素抗性基因的研究进展

Research progress of antibiotic resistance genes in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment systems

抗生素是治疗人类和动植物感染性疾病的核心药物,已成为全球使用范围最广、使用剂量最大的药物之一。近年来随着抗生素的广泛使用,大量抗生素进入环境中,会诱导抗生素抗性基因(ARG)产生,对人类健康及环境构成威胁。抗生素抗性菌(ARB)和ARG的环境排放问题日益凸显。制药废水处理系统是环境中抗生素的主要来源之一,也是ARB和ARG增殖扩散的热点场所,同时是控制ARB和ARG环境排放的重要节点。系统总结了近年来有关制药废水处理系统中ARG的研究进展、ARG的增殖扩散机制、各种处理单元中ARG的分布特征和去除效果,对今后的重点研究方向进行了展望,为制药废水处理系统的工艺选择及ARG去除方法提供一定理论参考。

As core drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases in humans,animals and plants,antibiotics have become one of the most widely used drugs in the world with the largest doses.With the widespread use of antibiotics in recent years,large amounts of antibiotics enter the environment and induce the production of antibiotic resistance genes(ARG),posing a threat to human health and the environment.The problem of environmental emissions of antibiotic resistant bacteria(ARB)and ARG is becoming more and more prominent.Pharmaceutical wastewater treatment systems are one of the major sources of antibiotics in the environment and a hot spot for the proliferation and diffusion of ARB and ARG,as well as an important node for controlling the environmental emissions of ARB and ARG.The research progress about ARG in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment system,the proliferation and diffusion mechanism of ARG,the distribution characteristics and removal effect of ARG in various treatment units in the last decade were systematically summarized.The promising research directions in the future were prospected.It provides some theoretical references for the process selection and ARG removal methods of pharmaceutical wastewater treatment systems.