长江流域农村生活污水排放标准分析

Analysis of rural sewage discharge standards in Yangtze River basin

长江流域生态环境退化的严峻形式已经成为制约流域社会和经济可持续发展的关键因素,《中华人民共和国长江保护法》的实施具有里程碑式的意义。在流域水污染防治中,农村环境治理工作至关重要,制订农村生活污水处理设施水污染物排放标准对加强流域水污染治理具有重要促进作用。文章对长江流域各省市地区农村生活污水排放标准进行比较,从适用范围、出水标准分级控制、控制项目以及资源化利用4个方面分析提出4点建议:各地应采用实测的方法确定排水量和污染负荷;各地宜根据当地农村发展情况进一步调整、明确细化标准中的相关规定;重视节能减排,提高尾水的资源化利用;各地应完善设施运行维护理体系,合理设置监测项目,确保出水稳定达标。

The severe situation of degradation of the ecological environment in Yangtze River basin has become a key factor to restrict the social and economic development.The implementation of“Yangtze River Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China”is significant.In the prevention and control of water pollution in the river basin,the work of rural environmental governance is very important,and the formulation of water pollutant discharge standards for rural domestic sewage treatment facilities plays an important role in strengthening the water pollution control in the river basin.The article compares the discharge standards of rural domestic sewage in various regions in Yangtze River basin.Four suggestions are put forward based on the following four aspects:applicable scopes,different effluent standards,control indicators and resource utilization.Some actual measurement methods should be adopted to determine the drainage volume and pollution load for various regions.The relevant regulations in the refinement standards should be further adjusted and clarified according to the local rural development.Another suggestion is paying attention to the energy conservation and emission reduction,such as improving the utilization of the tail water as a resource.The last one is improving the facility operation and maintenance management system,setting up reasonable monitoring items and ensuring the discharge to achieve the standard.