电信诈骗易感性影响因素指标体系构建与分析

Construction and analysis of index system for influencing factors of susceptibility to telecom fraud

为预防并减少大学生遭受电信诈骗,需要对电信诈骗易感性影响因素进行分析。本研究运用扎根理论质性研究方法,深入分析电信诈骗典型案件,通过主轴译码获得14个主范畴,选择译码提炼出4个核心范畴,构建了电信诈骗易感性影响因素指标体系;采用序关系分析法、层次分析法、熵权法和离差最大化法,构建了基于矩估计理论的主客观综合集成赋权法;绘制相关系数矩阵并分析了各指标之间的相关系数。结果发现,电信诈骗易感性受4个因素影响,最优组合权重系数为:经验经历(39.58%)>能力水平(26.02%)>心理因素(22.26%)>个体因素(12.14%)。相关系数矩阵分析显示,以“被诈经历”为观测指标,“心理因素”与诈骗易感性呈正相关,“能力水平”和“经历经验”与诈骗易感性呈负相关。结果说明面向大学生群体的电信诈骗防范是一个多因素过程,针对不同类型因素具有不同的防范策略,可通过提升心理韧性、学习安全知识、解析典型案例等举措提升个体反诈能力,降低电信诈骗易感性。

In order to prevent and reduce telecom fraud to college students,it is necessary to analyze the influencing factors of susceptibility to telecom fraud.In this paper,the typical cases of telecom fraud were analyzed by using the grounded theory method.Fourteen main categories were obtained through the main axis decoding,and 4 core categories were extracted through the selection of decoding,so as to construct an index system of susceptibility.Based on the moment estimation theory,the subjective and objective comprehensive integrated weighting method was constructed by using the order relationship analysis method,analytic hierarchy process,entropy weight method and maximum deviation method.Furthermore,the correlation coefficient between each index was analyzed by using the correlation coefficient matrix.The results showed that the susceptibility to telecom fraud is affected by 4 factors,and the optimal combination weight coefficients were experience(39.58%),ability level(26.02%),psychological factors(22.26%)and individual factors(12.14%).Moreover,with the“experience of being defrauded”as the observation indicator,the correlation coefficient matrix analysis shows that the“psychological factors”are positively correlated with susceptibility,whereas“ability level”and“experience”are negatively correlated with susceptibility.These results show that the prevention of telecom fraud to college students is a multi-factor process,and there are different prevention strategies for different types of factors,the individual anti-fraud capabilities could be enhanced through these measures such as the improvement of psychological resilience,acquisiton of safety knowledge,and analysis of typical cases,which thereby contribute to the decrease of susceptibility to telecom fraud.