“元宇宙”下虚拟数据作品的著作权扩张及限制

The Expansion and Restriction of Copyright of Human Virtual Data Works under"Meta Universe"

元宇宙是人类凭借VR、AR、5G、脑机接口、人工智能、区块链、物联网等设备技术,塑造出一个平行于现实世界的多维虚拟世界。在“人机一体”“人机互动”的赛博格社会图景中,人类既实现了运用科技创作虚拟数据作品的创作范式,也通过“数据躯体”沉浸式参与“去中心化”的网络场景。在实践产业、客体类型以及专有权三个维度,虚拟数据作品具备了著作权扩张的可行性。新《著作权法》修订,既实现了元宇宙中非典型虚拟数据作品纳入著作权保护客体范畴的可行性,也使得数据作品的复制权、演绎权及向公众传播权延伸到虚拟空间。面对元宇宙中虚拟数据作品著作权的无序扩张,应规避大型互联网平台数据垄断与公共领域式微。引入“公共领域保留制度”与“合理使用一般性条款”,避免资本借技术之名肆意侵蚀社会公众行为自由空间,平衡作者与社会公众之间的利益,塑造有序竞争的虚拟数字经济环境。

Metaverse is a multi-dimensional virtual world that is parallel to the real world by human beings with VR,AR,5G,brain-computer interface,artificial intelligence,blockchain,Internet of Things and other equipment technologies.In the cyber social landscape of"human-machine integration"and"human-machine interaction",human beings not only realize the creation paradigm of using technology to create virtual data works,but also participate in the"decentralized"network scene through the"data body"immersively.In the three dimensions of practical industry,object type,and exclusive rights,virtual data works have the feasibility of copyright expansion.The revision of the new"Copyright Law"not only promotes non-typical virtual data works in Metaverse to be included in the scope of copyright protection,but also extends the right of reproduction,deduction and communication to the public of data works to the virtual space.In the face of the disorderly expansion of the copyright of virtual data works in Metaverse,large-scale Internet platform data monopoly and public domain decline should be avoided.Introduce"public domain reservation system"and"fair use of general clauses"to prevent capital from eroding the free space of social public behavior in the name of technology,balance the interests between authors and the public,and create an orderly competitive virtual digital economy environment.