论公共数据授权运营的特点、性质及法律规制

On the Characteristics,Nature and Legal Regulation of Authorized Operation of Public Data

公共数据授权运营是挖掘公共数据资源价值的重要方式。目前国内已开展相关实践探索,但还缺乏必要的法律规则。公共数据授权运营具有注重安全、开发特定公共数据、依托公共数据平台开展、保证公平竞争和在权属不明情况下开展等特点。从性质上看,其不是行政许可,而是公共服务性质的特许经营。在实践操作上,要采取“运营+维护”模式,将“统一授权运营”与“分散授权运营”相结合,采取公开竞争方式进行。由于授权运营协议兼有行政性和民事性,行政机关具有特殊地位,需要通过健全国家立法,对公共数据授权运营进行法律规制。

The authorized operation of public data is an important method to tap the value of public data resources.At present,the relevant practice is being carried out in China,but there is still a lack of necessary legal rules.The authorized operation of public data have the characteristics of emphasizing security,developing specialized public data,relying on public data platforms to carry out,ensuring fair competition and carrying out under unclear ownership.By its nature,it is not administrative authorization,but a franchise with the nature of public service.In practice,we should adopt the"operation and maintenance"model,combine"unified authorized operation"with"decentralized authorized operation"and adopt the method of open competition.Because of the administrative and civil nature of the agreement of authorized operation,the administrative organ has a special status and needs to regulate the authorized operation of public data by enhancing national legislation.