增材制造用高温合金粉末制备技术及研究进展

Preparation technology and research progress of superalloy powders used for additive manufacturing

球形粉末是增材制造、粉末冶金、注射成型等制备工艺的重要原料,其成分、粒度、球形度、空心粉率等是影响最终构件性能的关键因素。本文详细介绍了真空感应熔炼气雾化法、电极感应熔炼气雾化法以及等离子旋转电极雾化法等三种可用于增材制造的工程化高温合金球形粉末的制备技术,分析了这三种制粉工艺的特点,阐述了这三种制粉工艺的研发进展,探讨了三种制粉工艺所制备的粉末缺陷形成原因及控制方法,并提出了增材制造用高温合金粉末制备技术的发展趋势。

Spherical powders are the important raw materials used for the preparation technology as the additive manufacturing,powder metallurgy,and injection molding.The composition,particle size,sphericility,and hollow powder rate of the spherical powders are the key factors for the final component performance.Three kinds of manufacture techniques for the engineering superalloy spherical powders as the vacuum induction melting gas atomization(VIGA),electrode induction melting gas atomization(EIGA),and plasma rotating electrode atomization(PREP)used for the additive manufacturing were described in this paper,the characteristics and research progress of these three kinds of manufacture techniques were analyzed,the defect formation reason and control method of the powders prepared by these three kinds of manufacture techniques were discussed,and the development trend of the superalloy powder preparation technologies used for the additive manufacturing was proposed.