空冷型质子交换膜燃料电池水热管理的研究现状

Research status of water and thermal management of air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cells

介绍了空冷型质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)水热管理的研究现状,在此基础上,对该领域的重要研究方向进行了归纳和展望。首先,介绍了空冷型PEMFC的应用背景及特点,即空冷型PEMFC适用于低功率、小质量、小体积的场所;其次,着重回顾当前空冷型PEMFC水热管理的研究进展,即现有研究采用实验和数值模拟的方法,揭示了运行参数对空冷型PEMFC热管理的影响;此外,通过研究空冷型PEMFC内部液态水的分布规律,揭示了其对电池性能的影响。基于发现的水热管理现象,研究人员提出了相应的优化措施,通过优化流场结构可以改善空冷型PEMFC内部的温度场、湿度场;通过新型控制算法使得电池性能达到最佳并且将电池温度保持在合理范围内。最后,指出研究空冷型PEMFC液态水的动态分布规律、分析质子交换膜内部应力分布以及探索阴极催化剂衰减机制是空冷型PEMFC水热管理的重要研究方向。

This article mainly introduced the current research status and summarized the future direction of the research field.At first,the applications and basic characteristics of an air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)were briefly introduced,namely air-cooled PEMFC was suitable for places with low power,little volume and small weight.Then,the progress of the water and thermal management of air-cooled PEMFC was emphatically reviewed.The effects of operating parameters on the thermal management of air-cooled PEMFC were revealed by experiment and numerical simulation.The distribution law of liquid water in air-cooled PEMFC was studied,and the influence on the PEMFC performance was analyzed based on the distribution law of liquid water.Based on the phenomenon of water and thermal management,the corresponding optimization measures were proposed.The internal temperature and humidity fields of air-cooled PEMFC could be improved by optimizing the flow field structure.The performance was optimized and the temperature was kept in a reasonable range through the new control algorithm.Finally,it was pointed out that the research on the dynamic distribution of liquid water in aircooled PEMFC,the analysis of internal stress distribution in PEMFC and the exploration of the attenuation mechanism of anode catalyst were very important research directions of water and thermal management of air-cooled PEMFC in the future.