受众观下的裁判说理--说服的路径与艺术

On the Reasons of Judgments fromAudience View--the Path and Art of Persuasion

裁判的受众可分为个体与群体。裁判说理应当从说理的受众出发,对“同谁说理”及“同谁说理最重要”这两个问题要有清醒的认识。为改善裁判文书的说理性,裁判者自己作为最重要的受众应当享有充分的说理自由;应当区分不同情况对自己自由心证的过程进行公开。裁判说理应当区分并分别对“裁判归纳的争议焦点”与“当事人的争议焦点”作出回应。同时,为便于社会群体对裁判说理的理解,可以借鉴美国的做法,在裁判文书首部附上摘要等。

The audience of judgements can be individual or group.The judges should take their audience into consideration when giving the judgement documents,and should have a clear mind about the two questions of“who is the audience”and“who is themost important audience”.In order to make the judgement documents more reasonable,the judges,as the most important audience,should be endowed with enough freedom,and should make the process of discretional evaluation of evidence in the open.The judge should differentiate“disputed issues of judgement”and“disputed issues of interested parties”.In order to make the social groups to understand the reasons of judgements well,the American practices such as attaching a summary at the beginning of the judgment documents could be learned.