数字经济的就业创造效应与就业替代效应探究

Research on Employment Creation Effect and Employment Substitution Effect of Digital Economy

数字经济深刻影响着就业市场的变革,使得就业载体、就业形态、就业技能要求发生重大变化,既存在巨大的就业创造效应,又面临显著的就业替代效应,其背后有着深刻的内在机理,对不同时期、不同区域、不同群体产生着结构性的影响。从就业创造效应来看,数字经济提供新型就业岗位对稳就业作出了突出贡献,但数字经济蕴含的扩就业总量的巨大潜力仍未充分激活,在劳动制度、权益保障等方面存在一些短板弱项。从就业替代效应来看,数字经济对优化就业结构的成效明显,但需要警惕就业替代效应带来的结构性失业冲击等风险苗头。数字经济是未来实现更加充分更高质量就业的重要基石,要破除就业壁垒、加强风险应对,积极优化数字经济就业创造效应与替代效应的政策设计。

The digital economy has brought about great changes in the employment market,which has led to significant changes in work organization,working methods and workers'skill requirements.It has not only created more jobs,but also replaced many jobs.It has had different effects on different periods,regions and groups.From the perspective of employment creation effect,the digital economy has created new jobs,which plays an important role in stabilizing employment.However,the ability of the digital economy to create jobs has not been brought into full play,and the labor system and labor security need to be improved.From the perspective of employment substitution effect,digital economy plays a role in optimizing the structure of the employment market,but we need to guard against the resulting structural unemployment and other risks.Digital economy is an important foundation for achieving fuller and higher quality employment in the future.We should solve current problems,strengthen risk response and strengthen the formulation of policy system for digital economy.