摘要
Electrical doping,i.e.,inducing p-or n-type conductivity by adding a dopant,is of fundamental importance for device physics of semiconductors and is used in about every commercially produced device.For organic semiconductors,the conductivity is intrinsically low(typically 10^(-4)-10^(-8) S/cm)due to the mostly amorphous nature,the weak coupling between molecules,and the low number of free charge carriers in the presence of large energy gaps.
