从国内生产总值到国民幸福总值:乡村振兴模式转型与新时代成人教育发展

From GDP to GNH:Transformation of Rural Revitalization Model and Development of Adult Education in the New Era

长期以来国内生产总值(GDP)被看作经济社会发展的唯一指标。本文提出,GDP难以涵盖和全面反映社会文化发展的质量,更难以确保经济和社会文化的可持续发展。在广大农村地区,尤其不利于保持和提高居民的获得感和幸福感。文章从GDP驱动乡村经济持续增长的难题出发,通过比较分析国内外对国民幸福总值(GNH)体系的研发实践,阐释GNH的核心是主观幸福感,而中年人是提升GNH的重点人群。我国乡村振兴存在更适宜的发展模式和路径选择。文章认为,高度重视和充分发展乡村成人教育是提升乡村GNH的必由之路。用GNH代替GDP来综合评价乡村振兴绩效不仅必要,而且紧迫。乡村成人教育在新时代乡村振兴中大有可为,通过完善和发展农村成人教育体系,围绕农村中年人为主的劳力资本存量资源建成以终身学习理念指引的学习型新农村,是乡村振兴的必由之路和首选策略。

GDP has long been seen as the only indicator of economic and social development. The paper proposes that GDP can hardly cover and fully reflect the quality of socio-cultural development,and it is even more difficult to ensure sustainable economic and socio-cultural development. In the vast rural areas, it is particularly detrimental to maintaining and improving the residents’ sense of contentment and happiness. The paper begins with the dilemma of GDP-driven sustainable rural economic growth,then analyzes the domestic and international research and development practices on the Gross National Happiness (GNH) system,and contends that the core of GNH is subjective happiness and that middle-aged people are the focus group. There are more suitable development models and path choices for China’s rural revitalization. To enhance rural GNH we ought to fully develop rural adult education. It is necessary and urgent to use GNH rather than GDP to comprehensively evaluate the performance of rural revitalization. Rural adult education has great potential in rural revitalization in the new era. Therefore,by improving and developing the rural adult education system,we can build a new learningoriented rural village guided by the concept of lifelong learning around the labor capital stock resources mainly by middle-aged people in rural areas. This is the necessary strategy for rural revitalization.