整体主义视角下非法基因编辑犯罪圈的审查与评价

Review and Evaluation of the Crime Circle of Illegal Gene Editing from the Perspective of Holism

《中华人民共和国刑法修正案(十一)》增设“非法植入基因编辑、克隆胚胎罪”是落实整体国家安全观中生物安全的重要体现,对构建国家生物安全保护法律体系具有重大意义。非法基因编辑行为入罪在法益理论根据、罪名的体系地位以及罪状设置方式上面临诸多现实挑战。整体主义强调社会整体性,与刑法保障机能具有先天亲和力,能够为非法基因编辑行为入罪提供新的诠释路径。整体主义视角下,积极预防刑法观为抽象秩序法益提供确证和体认,消除了本罪法益定位含混的基础理论问题;刑事政策为完善多维度生物安全责任规制体系提供了积极借鉴。基于整体主义刑法积极预防思路以及生物安全刑法的特殊性,现行规制思路过于保守,对罪状的设置也是立法便宜的体现,为全面推进生物安全刑法规制,刑法应具有前瞻性,保障法体系对于危害生物安全犯罪行为规制的周延与完整性。

Amendment(XI) to the criminal law added the“crime of illegally implanting genetically edited or cloned human embryos”. It is an important manifestation of the implementation of biosecurity in the overall national security concept and is of great significance to the construction and improvement of the national biosecurity protection legal system. The criminalization of illegal gene editing has many practical dilemmas based on legal interest theory, the status of the accusation system, and the expression of facts. Holism emphasizes the integrity of society, has an innate affinity with the protection of criminal law and can provide a new interpretation path for the criminalization of illegal gene editing. From the perspective of holism, the active preventive criminal law concept provides confirmation and recognition of the legal benefits of the abstract order;the criminal policy provides a positive reference for the improvement of the multi-dimensional biosecurity liability regulatory system. Based on the particularity of biosecurity criminal laws and regulations, the current regulations are too conservative, and the establishment of crimes is also a manifestation of the principle of opportunity. To comprehensively promote the biosecurity criminal laws and regulations, the criminal law should be forwardlooking to ensure the thoroughness and integrity of the legal system for behavior regulation.