刀库及其自动换刀装置的换刀精度检测方法和衰退规律研究

Research on the measuring method and decline rule of the tool change accuracy of the tool magazine and automatic tool changer

刀库及其自动换刀装置是数控机床用于储存和交换刀具的关键功能部件,其性能状态特别是换刀精度直接影响数控机床能否准确、迅速地完成换刀,是影响数控机床可靠性的关键因素。通过在主机现场搭建盘式刀库换刀精度检测试验台,并提出基于两个激光位移传感器的换刀精度检测方法,借助加工中心工作台位置可通过数控系统精确控制,提出激光位移传感器位置参数标定方法。制定换刀精度试验方法,并开展100万次换刀试验,揭示刀库及其自动换刀装置换刀精度随载荷和试验次数的变化规律,以及插刀前、拉刀前和拉刀后刀柄精度的变化规律,进而为如何减少刀柄插刀过程中对主轴的冲击提供重要参考。

Tool magazine and automatic tool changer are key functional components used for storing and exchanging tools of CNC machine tools.Their performance condition,especially the tool change accuracy,directly affects whether CNC machine tools can accurately and quickly complete tool change.They are key factors that affect the reliability of CNC machine tools.By setting up the tool change accuracy test bed of the tool magazine and automatic tool changer on CNC machine tools,the measuring method for tool changing accuracy is proposed based on two laser displacement sensors.Then,the positioning parameter calibration method of the laser displacement sensor is proposed by means of the position of machining center workbench,which can be precisely controlled by the numerical control system.By developing the tool change accuracy test method,one million tool changing tests are implemented to reveal the change rule of the tool change accuracy of the tool magazine and automatic tool changer with load and test times,and the change law of the precision of the holder before the insert,before the broach and after the broach.In this way,an important reference is provided for how to reduce the influence of the tool holder on the spindle in the process of the insert.