终身学习视阈下非正规和非正式学习结果认证研究——以欧盟成员国为例

Research on the Validation of Non-formal and Informal Learning Outcomes from the Perspective of Lifelong Learning——A Case Study of EU Member States

发展终身学习、建设学习型社会的先决条件是承认公民通过正规、非正规和非正式学习所获取的知识、技能和能力。欧盟及其成员国基于职业、专业和资格标准确立清晰明确的认证标准,成立权责分明的主体机构并确保多方利益相关者的参与,设置科学合理的工作流程并开发兼具信度和效度的认证工具,制定法律法规、战略规划和工作指南以加强支撑保障,从而有效开展非正规和非正式学习结果认证,进而激发了公民参与终身学习的积极性,提升了就业市场的技能供需匹配度,促进了社会公平和社会融合。我国可从完善政策法规、明确规则体系,开展机构建设、规范制度执行,加强支撑保障、确保持续发展等维度学习借鉴欧盟成功经验。

The prerequisite for developing lifelong learning and building a learning society is to recognize the knowledge, skills and abilities acquired by citizens through formal, non-formal and informal learning. To effectively carry out the validation of non-formal and informal learning outcomes, EU and its member states have designed clear validation standards based on occupational, professional and qualification standards, established main authorities ensuring the participation of multiple stakeholders, set up scientific workflow with reliable tools, formulated laws, strategies and guidelines to strengthen support and guarantee. With these efforts, citizens are more willing to participate in lifelong learning, the matching degree of skills supply and demand in the job market is improved and the social equity and social integration is promoted. To learn from the EU experience, China should formulate guiding policies and regulations, establish professional institutions and strengthen support and guarantee system.