国外煤矿产能退出政策及启迪

Research on foreign coal mine production capacity withdrawal policy and enlightenment

我国煤矿关闭进程中存在煤矿去产能进程过快、缺少科学指导和规划的问题,同时有的还留下了安全隐患。根据有关统计,1978年全国煤矿有8万多处,2018年仅剩5800处,有7万多处煤矿在近40年内关闭。为了在完成“调结构、去产能”重要任务的同时最大限度地避免安全隐患,有序关闭煤矿,尽可能地降低煤矿关闭退出带来的不利影响和冲击,以在煤矿关闭退出方面有丰富经验的英国、法国、日本、德国和美国为例,分析了国外煤矿产能退出政策和措施,结合我国实际情况,从政策、法律、市场及企业4个层面总结了这些国家煤矿成功关闭退出的经验;从而对我国煤矿产能退出和能源结构调整提供借鉴。

In the process of coal mine closure in China,there were some problems such as too fast process of coal mine capacity reduction,lack of scientific guidance and planning,which brought many hidden dangers.According to statistics,there were more than 80,000 coal mines in China in 1978,but in 2018 there were only 5,800 left,more than 70,000 coal mines had closed in the past 40 years.In order to complete the important task of structural adjustment and capacity withdrawal,avoid potential safety hazards to the greatest extent,orderly shut down the coal mine and minimize the adverse influence and impact brought by coal mine closure and withdrawal,the foreign coal mine production capacity withdrawal policies and measures were analyzed by taking Britain,France,Japan,Germany and the United States,which had rich experience in the closure and withdrawal of a large number of coal mines,as examples.Combined with the actual situation in China,the experience of coal mine's successful closure and withdrawal in these countries were summarized from four levels of policy,law,market and enterprise,which had many reference to the coal mine production capacity withdrawal and energy structure adjustment in China.