超高温(200~250℃)聚合物电解质膜燃料电池的机遇与挑战

High Temperature (200~250℃) Polyelectrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells working at Alleviated Temperature: Challenges and Opportunities

低温质子交换膜燃料电池的商业化受到高纯度氢气制取、储存、运输及加注的制约。将燃料电池工作温度提高到200~250℃可显著提高电极动力学,提高对一氧化碳等杂质气体的耐受性,降低氢气制取成本,简化水和热管理,为燃料电池提供更多燃料选择,使得高温质子交换膜燃料电池有望实现原位甲醇重整制氢系统与燃料电池系统的无温差耦合,同时较高的运行温度为直接甲醇燃料电池和非贵金属催化剂替代铂基催化剂提供了有利条件。但超高温(200~250℃)聚合物电解质膜燃料电池的发展依然面临着艰巨的挑战,为促进超高温聚合物电解质膜燃料电池的发展,本文将系统总结近年的相关进展,探讨超高温聚合物电解质膜燃料电池面临的机遇与挑战。

The commercialization of lower temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells(LT-PEMFCs) is hindered by the production, storage, transportation and refueling of high-purity hydrogen. Increasing the operating temperature of the fuel cell to 200~250 ℃ can significantly boost the electrode kinetics, improve the tolerance to impurity such as carbon monoxide in hydrogen, reduce the cost of hydrogen, simplify water and heat management, and provide more fuel options for the fuel cell. The high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells work at alleviated temperature(AHT-PEMFCs) are expected to couple the in-situ methanol reforming hydrogen production system and the fuel cell system without temperature differences, thus, allow to simplify the reformate hydrogen production system. At the same time, the higher operating temperature provides opportunities for non-noble metal catalysts to replace platinum-based catalysts. However, the development of AHT-PEMFCs still faces arduous challenges. In order to promote the development of AHT-PEMFCs, here, we will systematically summarize the relevant progress in recent years and explore the opportunities and challenges.