克绍文武:走出周公遮蔽的成王形象——以清华简《厚父》为中心的考察

Imitating King Wen and King Wu: Stepping out of the Image of King Cheng that was Obscured by Duke Zhou——An Investigation Centered on the Tsinghua Bamboo-slips "Hou Fu"

先秦时期“重文”现象大量存在,清华简《成人》比《厚父》更接近《孟子》引《书》,直接动摇了《厚父》“时王为周武王”说立论的基础。从人物称谓、用语习惯、咨政方式及思想线索等层面看,《厚父》“时王是周成王”的可能性居多。“周公辅成王”故事的广为流传,客观上弱化了周成王的政治形象。效法祖考、咨政耆老、自儆自诫、勤勉国事,积极参与封建诸侯,征伐淮夷、商奄,建构以德悦天的理论体系,新见文献使我们对于周成王的年少老成、雄才大略,获得了不同于以往的新认知。

The phenomenon of"Chong Wen"(重文)existed in abundance in the pre-Qin period.The Tsinghua Bamboo-slips"Cheng Ren"(成人)were closer to"Mencius"citing"Shang Shu"(尚书)than"Hou Fu"(厚父),which directly shook the foundation of the theory that the king of Shi in Hou Fu was the King Wu.From the perspective of characters'appellations,language habits,political counseling methods and ideological clues,it is most likely that the King of Shi in Hou Fu is the King Cheng.The story of"Duke Zhou assisting King Cheng"is widely circulated,which objectively weakens King Cheng's political image.Following the example of ancestral examinations,counseling the elders,self-awareness,diligently handling state affairs,actively setting up feudatory,conquering the Huai Yi(淮夷)and Shang Yan(商奄),and constructing a theoretical system of virtue and heaven,the new literature gives us new understanding about King Cheng.