算法合谋反垄断规制路径探索——基于算法合谋规制取向的分析

Exploring the Path of Algorithmic Collusion Anti-monopoly Regulation——Analysis of Algorithm-based Collusion Regulation Orientation

在人工智能时代,算法的设计及应用对市场竞争产生了明显的影响。按照算法合谋中价格协议的功能不同,可将算法分为辅助型算法和决策型算法。而这两类不同的算法在价格合谋的不同阶段及环节发挥不同的作用。辅助型算法加大了垄断协议的证明难度,决策型算法对先行的默示合谋合法性认定标准带来挑战,且对反垄断规制的归责原则带来了冲击。面对不同算法合谋的反垄断规制困境,在算法产业特性与反垄断规则的规范共性平衡基础上,既要关注数据作为算法生产要素的价值,也要关注高频信息交互引发的价值平衡以及机器主导的反垄断规制责任体系的重构。基于算法合谋规制的基本原理,应在算法设计和使用中,加强事先预防监管,以加大对决策型算法的规制力度。

In the era of artificial intelligence,the design and application of algorithms have an apparent influence on the market competitiveness.According to the different functions of price agreement in algorithmic collusion,the algorithms can be classified as auxiliary and decision-making algorithms.These two algorithms play different roles in different stages in price collusion.Auxiliary algorithms increase the difficulty of proving monopoly agreements,and decision-making algorithms pose challenges to the previous standard of tacit collusion legality determination and impact the attribution principle of anti-monopoly regulation.In the Face of the dilemma of anti-monopoly regulation of the collusion of different algorithms,it is necessary to not only pay attention to the value of data as a factor of algorithm production based on the balance between the characteristics of the algorithm industry and the normative commonality of anti-monopoly rules but also to pay attention to the value balance caused by high-frequency information interaction and Reconstruction of the machine-led antitrust regulatory responsibility system.In the design and use of algorithms,we should strengthen the prevention and supervision in advance based on the basic principle of algorithm collusion regulation to increase the regulation of decision-making algorithms.