巴西大豆生产和物流运输成本研究

Study on soybean production and transportation cost in Brazil

巴西已经成为世界上最大的大豆生产和出口国,而且巴西大豆生产季节和美国形成互补,对中国大豆稳定进口具有重要意义。通过收集巴西官方数据,本文对巴西大豆生产和物流成本进行测算,并与美国大豆的生产和物流成本进行比较,从成本角度分析巴西大豆竞争力。研究发现:第一,由于货币贬值,巴西大豆生产成本逐年下降,2020年为48.17美元/亩;其中,农药、化肥、土地成本及折旧是巴西大豆生产成本的主要构成项目。第二,巴西内陆运输成本逐年降低,2019年为每百公里4.27美元/吨,各港口到上海港的平均海运成本为34.55美元/吨。第三,通过美巴大豆生产和物流成本的比较发现,巴西已经在生产和物流方面比美国大豆具有优势。最后,本文提出包括加强中巴政府间合作、投资巴西基础设施建设、加强信息收集、促进国内大豆生产等保障中国大豆稳定供应的建议。

Brazil is the world’s largest producer and exporter of soybeans,and it compensates the world soybean export supply shortage during the off season of soybean production in US,which is of great significance to the stable supply of soybeans in China.Based on official data,this paper estimates the soybean production and transportation cost in Brazil,and compares the cost between Brazil and US.The results show,first,due to currency depreciation,the cost of soybean production in Brazil has decreased year by year.In 2020,the cost of soybean production in Brazil were 48.17 USD per mu,and expenditure on pesticides,fertilizers,land and depreciation are the major cost of soybean production in Brazil.Second,the domestic internal transportation cost in Brazil is decreasing year by year.In 2019,it was 4.27 USD per ton(100 kilometers).On average,the ocean shipping cost from Brazilian ports to Shanghai was 34.55 USD per ton.Third,currently,the soybean production and transportation cost in Brazil is lower than in the United States.Finally,suggestions such as strengthening China-Brazil cooperation,investing infrastructure construction in Brazil,strengthening information collection,and promoting domestic soybean production are proposed in the end of this paper.