随机需求下IaaS云服务定价与容量分配研究

Pricing and capacity allocation of Iaa S cloud services under stochastic demand

资源定价和容量分配会直接影响云提供商的收益和核心竞争能力。为降低云服务商云服务成本、提升效益,促进云市场良性发展,本文针对提供预订和现货两种类型服务的IaaS云服务提供商,采用博弈论的方法研究在现货类需求不确定的情况下,单个云服务提供商以及处于竞争和垄断环境下的两个云服务提供商的现货类服务定价和资源容量分配问题,并通过数值算例进行灵敏度分析。结果显示:与竞争的环境相比,垄断环境下的云服务提供商会降低现货类服务的价格,同时减少分配给现货类服务随机需求部分的资源容量。基于此结论,本文提出增加云服务市场的竞争程度、创造良好政策环境以扶助中小型云服务企业发展等建议。

Resource pricing and capacity allocation will directly affect the revenue and core competitiveness of cloud providers.In order to reduce the cost of cloud service providers,improve efficiency,and promote the benign development of the cloud market,this paper is aimed at IaaS cloud service providers that provide both reservation and spot services.Using the method of game theory studies,the pricing of spot services and the resource capacity allocation between two types of services for either a single cloud provider or two cloud providers in a competitive or monopolistic environment.We also carry some sensitivity analysis in numerical experiments.Results show that,compared with the competitive case,monopolistic providers tend to set lower prices and allocate less capacity for spot services with stochastic demands.Based on this conclusion,this paper puts forward suggestions such as increasing the degree of competition in the cloud service market and creating a favorable policy environment to support the development of small and medium-sized cloud service enterprises.