南京国民政府时期戒烟医院研究

Research on Hospitals for Curing Opium Addicts During the Period of the Nanjing Nationalist Government

南京国民政府时期(1927—1937年),中国各地创办了一系列戒烟医院。这些戒烟医院的兴办既是应对烟毒泛滥的产物,也与该时期政府及社会推动戒烟禁毒有着密切关联。它们分布各省,数量众多,既有官办、私立、官私合办,也有官方委托民间办理等形式。它们办理水平各异,但主要从事如下活动:强制收戒和免费戒治、开展禁烟戒烟宣传、化验和研制戒烟药物、探寻和采用适当的戒治方法等。此时期的戒烟医院对于推动戒烟禁毒以及清除毒品的危害起到了一定作用,但受特定社会历史环境限制,也存在着诸多不足。

From 1927 to 1937,various hospitals for curing opium addicts were established all over China, which was not only a response to the spreading of opium, but also was closely related to the government and society’s promotion to ban opium during this period.The hospitals were distributed in various provinces, with a large number, not only in the form of government-run, private, government-private co-operation, but also officially entrusted to the private sector and other forms.They had different levels of management, but were mainly engaged in the following activities: compulsory withdrawal and free abstinence, promotion of opium cessation, testing and development of opium cessation, exploration and adoption of appropriate abstinence methods, and so on.The opium cessation hospitals in this period played a certain role in promoting opium cessation and drug control and eliminating the harm of drugs, but there were also many deficiencies due to the limitations of the specific social and historical environment.