精神文化对居民就医选择的影响综述

A Review of the Influence of Various Cultural Phenomena on the Choice Behavior of Medical Treatment

我国悠久的历史已形成了独具特色的社会文化,各种文化现象对人们的思想和行为产生了深刻影响。通过总结风俗习惯、宗教文化、“关系文化”/“熟人文化”和教育程度四种精神文化现象对居民就医选择的影响,发现在信奉鬼神、遵循祖辈和歧视妇女等风俗习惯的文化背景下,居民就医多选择求神、传统干预或自行治疗;在“宿命论”、女性“贞操”观、人文关怀和宗教领袖等宗教文化的背景下,居民多选择宗教场所或医疗机构就医;在“熟人社会”、儒家思想和医患紧张等“关系文化”或“熟人文化”的背景下,居民多进行关系就医。同时教育程度高的居民可获得丰富的医疗卫生资源和较强的疾病感知度,从而进行上级医疗机构选择和及时就医。从精神文化视角探究居民就医选择,有必要通过开展民族教育,改变不利于健康的风俗习惯,增强居民的就医意识,倡导正确就医文化,以推动社会主义精神文明建设,促进居民合理就医。

China has a long history and has formed a unique social culture.Various cultural phenomena have exerted a profound influence on human's thinking and behavior.In this study,we had summarized the influence of four spiritual cultural phenomena,including customs,religious culture,the"relationship culture"or"acquaintance culture"and education level,on people's choice of medical treatment.We found that customs can influence people's medical treatment choice,such as prayer,traditional intervention or self-treatment,through the belief in ghosts and gods,adherence to ancestors and discrimination against women.Religious culture can influence people's medical treatment choice through"fatalism",women's"chastity"concept,humanistic care and religious leaders.The"relational culture"or"acquaintance culture"can influence people's medical treatment choice through"acquaintance society",Confucianism and doctor-patient tension.The people with higher education level can get more medical resources and have stronger disease awareness,so that they can choose superior medical institutions and get medical treatment timely.To explore people's choice of medical treatment from the perspective of spiritual culture,it is necessary to carry out ethnic education,change the poor customs and habits,enhance the people's consciousness of medical treatment,and advocate the correct culture of medical treatment,which is conducive to promoting the construction of socialist spiritual civilization,so as to provide valuable reference for promoting the people's rational medical treatment.