武汉市老年人贫血患病率变化趋势及影响因素分析

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Anemia among Elderly People in Wuhan

目的了解武汉市老年人贫血患病率变化趋势及影响因素,为政府及相关部门提供决策参考。方法以参与2012-2018年武汉市65岁及以上免费体检的老年人为研究对象,对老年人贫血率进行描述性统计分析,采用Logistic回归分析方法分析贫血影响因素。结果2012-2018年期间,纳入分析的2012年、2014年、2016年与2018年老年人分别为358887人、347837人、382773人与379032人。老年人贫血率从30.61%下降到18.15%,变化差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=21723.90,P<0.001),但下降的速度逐渐变缓。多因素分析结果显示,居住在农村(OR=1.439,95%CI:1.410~1.470)、高龄(与65~<70岁年龄组相比,80岁以上年龄组OR=2.565,95%CI:2.495~2.638)、缺齿(与缺齿4颗以下相比,缺齿20颗及以上OR=1.309,95%CI:1.274~1.345)、文化程度低(与大专及以上相比,小学及以下OR=1.238,95%CI:1.193~1.285)、缺乏锻炼(OR=1.248,95%CI:1.225~1.272)等是老年人贫血的重要危险因素。结论2012-2018年武汉市老年人贫血率有明显下降趋势,但仍处于较高水平,需广泛关注。推广义齿修复、实施老年人营养改善策略以及加强锻炼等是降低老年人贫血率的重要途径。

Objective To assess trends in the prevalence and risk factors of anemia among elderly people in Wuhan city,China,and to provide decision-making reference for the government and related departments.Methods Subjects were from those participated in census of health status,for people older than 65 in Wuhan.A set of questionnaires were completed and hemoglobin concentrations were measured.The descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyze the anemia prevalence rate,the multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors.Results The number of subjects in this study were 358887 in 2012,347837 in 2014,382773 in 2016 and 379032 in 2018.From 2012 to 2018.The anemia prevalence decreased from 30.61%to 18.15%(χ^(2)=21723.90,P<0.001),the declining trend gradually slowed down.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that living in rural areas(OR=1.439,95%CI:1.410-1.470),older age(as compared with 65-<70 years old,age 80 and above OR=2.565,95%CI:2.495-2.638),lacking of teeth(as compared with missing less than 4 teeth,missing 20 or more teeth OR=1.309,95%CI:1.274-1.345),less education(as compared with College or above,Primary School or below OR=1.238,95%CI:1.193-1.285),lacking of exercise(OR=1.248,95%CI:1.225-1.272)were risk factors of anemia among elderly people in Wuhan.Conclusion The prevalence of anemia among elderly people of Wuhan city was at high level,although it decreased from 2012 to 2018.Wearing dentures,improving nutrition,and keeping exercise,were suggested for el-derly people to reduce the risk of anemia.