老年人肌少症性吞咽障碍患病率及危险因素的系统评价

Prevalence and risk factors of sarcopenic dysphagia in elderly:a systematic review

目的系统评价老年人肌少症性吞咽障碍的患病率及危险因素。方法检索PubMed、EMbase、The Cochrane Library、Web of Science、CINAHL、CNKI、CBM、WanFang Data和VIP数据库,搜集关于老年人肌少症性吞咽障碍的相关研究,检索时限均为建库至2020年6月。采用Stata 12.0软件进行Meta分析。危险因素采用描述性分析。结果共纳入10项研究,包括4039例病人。Meta分析结果显示,≥60岁老年人肌少症性吞咽障碍的患病率为4.0%(95%CI3.0%~4.0%)。亚组分析显示老年女性、年龄>80岁、采用小腿围和食物水平摄入量表(Food Intake Level Scales,FILS)评估的老年人肌少症性吞咽障碍的患病率更高;描述性分析显示,影响老年人肌少症性吞咽障碍发生的因素包括舌肌力量、肌肉质量、握力、身体状况、营养状况、能量摄入等。结论老年人肌少症性吞咽障碍的患病率较高;舌力和肌肉质量降低、握力低、身体状况差、营养失调以及能量摄入不足等可增加老年人发生肌少症性吞咽障碍的风险。

Objective To determine the prevalence and risk factors of sarcopenic dysphagia in the elderly by systematic review.Methods PubMed,EMbase,The Cochrane Library,Web of Science,CINAHL,CNKI,CBM,WanFang Data and VIP databases were searched to collect studies on the prevalence and influencing factors of sarcopenic dysphagia in the elderly from inception to June 2020.Meta analysis was then performed by using Stata 12.0 software.Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the risk factors.Results Finally 10 studies involving 4039 patients were included.The Meta analysis showed that the prevalence of sarcopenic dysphagia in the elderly(≥60 years old)was 4.0%(95%CI3.0%-4.0%).Subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of sarcopenic dysphagia was higher in elderly females,>80 years old,and assessed by calf circumference and Food Intake Level Scales(FILS).Descriptive analysis showed that the factors that affecting sarcopenic dysphagia in the elderly including tongue muscle strength,muscle mass,grip strength,physical condition,nutritional status,energy intake.Conclusions The prevalence of sarcopenic dysphagia in the elderly is relatively high.Reduced tongue strength and muscle mass,low grip strength,poor physical condition,poor nutrition,and inadequate energy intake may increase the risk of sarcopenic dysphagia in the elderly.