3种抗生素在小白菜中的积累迁移及风险评估

Accumulation and Migration Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Three Antibiotics in Pakchoi

为了探究土壤中氯霉素类抗生素对小白菜生长的影响及累积迁移规律,并进行健康风险评价。通过盆栽试验,在含有不同质量比(0,5,10,25 mg/kg)的氟苯尼考、氯霉素、甲砜霉素土壤中种植小白菜,检测根茎叶中各抗生素的累积量;采用富集系数、迁移系数分析土壤-小白菜体系的迁移累积特性,并采用风险商值(hazard quotient,HQ)进行健康风险评价。结果表明:小白菜中氟苯尼考、氯霉素、甲砜霉素的累积量分别是4.71~410,0~0.359,0~0.161μg/kg;对于小白菜的不同部位,甲砜霉素累积量为根>茎>叶,氯霉素和氟苯尼考为叶>茎>根;小白菜体内生物富集程度为氟苯尼考>氯霉素>甲砜霉素;3种抗生素的迁移能力为氟苯尼考>氯霉素>甲砜霉素。当土壤中甲砜霉素质量比≤25 mg/kg时,成人HQ<0.1;当土壤中氟苯尼考质量比≥10 mg/kg时,成人HQ>0.1;当土壤中氟苯尼考质量比≥25 mg/kg时,儿童HQ>1。可见,3种抗生素均可在小白菜中迁移累积,迁移能力、累积情况与抗生素种类有关,根部易累积甲砜霉素,叶部易累积氯霉素和氟苯尼考;氟苯尼考迁移能力和富集能力最强;当土壤中抗生素浓度达到一定程度时,生长的小白菜对人体健康有一定的风险。

This study investigated the effect of chloramphenicol antibiotics in the soil on the growth and the accumulation in pakchoi(Brassica chinensis L.)and further assessed the health risk of them.Pakchoi was planted in soil containing florfenicol,chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol at different concentrations(0,5,10,25 mg/kg)using a pot experiment.The accumulation of antibiotics in the roots,stems and leaves were detected.The enrichment and migration coefficient were used to analyze the migration and accumulation characteristics of the soil-pakchoi system.And the health risk assessments were evaluated using hazard quotient(HQ).The cumulative amounts of florfenicol,chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol in pakchoi were 4.71-410,0-0.359,0-0.161μg/kg,respectively.The accumulation of thiamphenicol in different parts of pakchoi was root>stem>leaf while that of chloramphenicol and florfenicol were leaf>stem>root.The order of bioaccumulation in pakchoi was florfenicol>chloramphenicol>thiamphenicol.The migration ability of these antibiotics was florfenicol>chloramphenicol>thiamphenicol.When the concentration of thiamphenicol in the soil was less than or equal to 25 mg/kg,human's HQ was less than 0.1.When the concentrations of florfenicol in the soil was more than 10 mg/kg,human's HQ was higher than 0.1;while the concentrations was higher than 25 mg/kg,children's HQ was higher than 0.1.These antibiotics could migrate and accumulate in pakchoi.The migration and enrichment ability were correlated with the types of antibiotics.The root was easy to accumulate thiamphenicol,and the leaf was easy to accumulate chloramphenicol and florfenicol.Florfenicol had the strongest migration and enrichment ability among three antibiotics.When the concentration of antibiotics in the soil reached a certain level,the growing pakchoi had a certain health risk to people.