现代奥运会赛场中运动员话语权争议与解决之道

Disputes and Solutions of Athletes'Discursive Power in Modern Olympic Games

“弗洛伊德事件”充分激活了运动员参与社会平权活动的意识,运动员期望在奥运会赛事期间进行自由表达的话语诉求也愈发强烈,由此引发诸多争议。这对奥林匹克运动所秉持的政治中立价值、运动员所拥有的多重角色属性,以及国际奥委会所坚守的体育自治原则等带来多重影响。在现象学视野下,尝试运用主体间性理论,对国际奥委会处理现代奥运会赛场中运动员话语权争议事件的过程进行梳理和剖析,认为:造成运动员话语权争议频发的重要原因有国际奥委会在追求绝对主体性过程中的行为异化,运动员主体性意识在社交媒体时代的增强,以及二者在主客体二元对立结构下的共振失效。提出现代奥运会赛场中运动员话语权争议的解决之道:消解“唯我”,以“去中心”为基点弱化国际奥委会的主体性思维;面向“他者”,以“增加约束力”为原则强化运动员的核心地位;构建“共体”,以“提升透明度”为保障突破国际奥委会与运动员间的对立困境。

The"Freud Event"fully activated the athletes'awareness of participating in the activities for social equality.Athletes'expectation of"free expression"during the Olympics became increasingly strong,thus causing a lot of controversies.It has many influences on the value of political neutrality held by the Olympic Movement,the multi-role of athletes,and the sports autonomy principle that the International Olympic Committee adhere to.From the perspective of phenomenology,the intersubjectivity theory was used to sort out and analyze the process of the IOC in dealing with the disputes over the voice of athletes in the modern Olympic Games.It is held that the main reasons for the frequent disputes of athletes'discoursive power include the behavior alienation of IOC in pursuing absolute subjectivity,the enhancement of athletes'subjectivity expression on social media,and the resonance failure of both IOC and athletes under the structure of dualistic opposition.There are some solutions to the disputes of athletes'discursive power in modern Olympic Games.The solutions are eliminating the"egoistic"position of IOC based on the"de-centralization",strengthening the core position of athletes with the principle of binding force,and enhancing the transparency as the guarantee to break through the dualistic opposition between IOC and athletes"de-centralization",strengthening the core position of athletes with the principle of binding force,and enhancing the transparency as the guarantee to break through the dualistic opposition between IOC and athletes.