海南红树林现状调查与研究

Investigation and Research on Current Situation of Mangrove in Hainan

为探究海南现有红树林资源种类面积及分布状况。采用室内区划、外业实地调查方式对海南现有红树林资源进行调查,调查包含沿海各市县红树林种类、面积、分布特点、保护程度。调查显示,海南现有成片红树林面积为6092.6325hm^(2),比2010年有所增加。红树林植物共计20科38种,优势种群21个,17个小面积种群。海南红树林主要集中生长在沿海岸内港湾。天然红树林面积较大,主要生长于保护区内,受到人为干扰程度低。昌江至澄迈区域红树林植物矮化为灌木状。海南西北部和北部优势群丛为红海榄和白骨壤,东北部至东部优势群丛为海莲,南部优势群丛为杯萼海桑,西部优势群丛为白骨壤和拉关木。海南红树林面积得到明显增加,种类提高,地理位置分布不均匀,红树林生长和分布受气温影响较明显。

In order to explore the species,area and distribution of existing mangrove resources in Hainan.The existing mangrove resources in Hainan were investigated by indoor zoning and field survey,including mangrove species,area,distribution characteristics and protection degree in coastal cities and counties.The survey showed that the existing mangrove area in Hainan was 6092.6325 hm^(2),which was increased compared with 2010.There are 38 species of mangrove plants in 20 families,21 dominant species and 17 small area populations.Hainan mangroves mainly grow in coastal bays.Natural mangrove area is large,mainly growing in protected areas,low degree of human disturbance.The mangrove plants in the region from Changjiang to Chengmai were dwarfed into shrubs.The dominant groups in the northwest and north of Hainan are Rhizophora stylosa and Avicennia marina,the dominant groups from northeast to east are Bruguiera sexangula(Lour.)Poir.the dominant groups in the south are Sonneratia alba Sm.,and the dominant groups in the west are Avicennia marina and Laguncularia racemosa.Hainan mangrove area has been significantly increased,species increased,geographical distribution is not uniform,mangrove growth and distribution is significantly affected by temperature.