沿海地区食物中毒特征及流行病学研究

Study on the Characteristics and Epidemiology of Food Poisoning in Coastal Areas

目的:研究山东沿海地区食物中毒的发病特征,基于发病特征开展相关的流行病学分析,并提出当前食物中毒事件防控的重点。方法:对山东沿海地区烟台市2018—2021年突发公共卫生事件监测系统报告中记录的食物中毒事件采用描述性流行病学分析,分别统计调查年限内食物中毒事件的高发月份、致病因素等。结果:2018—2021年该地区共报告食物中毒事件123起,中毒人数累计达到2 813人;食物中毒事件集中发生于每年的第二季度和第三季度;误食携带致病微生物或毒素的食物为最主要致病因素,其中副溶血性弧菌引发的细菌性食物中毒占比高于其他致病微生物或毒素类食物中毒事件占比(P<0.05)。结论:基于山东沿海地区食物中毒流行病学特征,相关部门应在夏秋季节加强对居民的食品安全宣教工作,努力提高食物中毒事件调查处置能力。

Objective:The characteristics of food poisoning in coastal areas of Shandong Province were studyied,epidemiological analysis based on the characteristics of the disease was carried out,and the current focus of food poisoning prevention and control was put forward.Methods:Descriptive epidemiological analysis was performed on the food poisoning incidents recorded in the public health emergency surveillance system from 2018 to 2021 in Yantai city,Shandong province,and the high incidence months and pathogenic factors of food poisoning incidents were investigated.Results:From 2018 to 2021,123 food poisoning cases were reported in the region,and the total number of poisoning cases reached 2 813.Food poisoning incidents occured mainly in the second and third quarters of each year.Accidental eating of food carrying pathogenic microorganisms or toxins was the main pathogenic factor,and the proportion of bacterial food poisoning caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus was higher than that caused by other pathogenic microorganisms or toxins (P<0.05).Conclusion:Based on the epidemiological characteristics of food poisoning in coastal areas of Shandong province,the public education on food safety should be strengthened in summer and autumn to improve the ability of food poisoning investigation and disposal.