火龙果柱头裂条数量对果实产量及品质的影响

The Effect of the Number of Pitaya Stigma Cracks on Fruit Yield and Quality

柱头作为花朵受粉唯一器官,火龙果花朵自然受粉途径受阻导致坐果率和果实品质的下降。为探究其对果实的影响程度及规律,本试验以蜜红火龙果为研究对象,正常植株裂条柱头数30个,设置每减少5个裂条数为梯度的8个处理,测定坐果率及果实品质等形态与生理指标。结果表明:(1)裂条数下降,直接影响到果实产量,降低商品效益,仅有1个柱头也能坐果,但裂条数为0时,花朵未能受粉导致不能坐果;(2)裂条数下降,果实的单果重也逐渐减小,且不同处理间存在显著差异;(3)果实种子数量与裂条数量成极显著相关关系,相关系数达到0.828;(4)随着裂条数的减少,果实的形态指标、内含物含量均有不同程度的下降,其中T6处理较CK可溶性蛋白含量下降了73.09%。综上所述,柱头裂条数量的减少,会显著降低火龙果果实产量和品质。研究结果为探讨海南省火龙果自然受粉提供了理论依据,为火龙果人工授粉提供了理论指导。

Stigma is the only organ for flowers'pollination.If the spontaneous pollination of pitaya flowers is impeded,decline in fruit setting rate and fruit quality comes as its result.In order to explore such impact degree and law on the fruit,this experiment chose honey red pitaya as the research object.The number of plant stigma was 30 in normal status,and 8 treatments were set for every decrease of 5 stigmas.Then the morphological and physiological indexes of fruit setting rate and fruit quality were measured.The results showed that:(1)The decreasing of piece number will directly affect the fruit yield and reduce the commercial benefit.Only one stigma could set fruit,but when the crack number is down to 0,the flowers could not be pollinated and the fruit could not be set;(2)The decreasing of piece number will gradually abate the weight of each fruit,and there is significant differences between treatments;(3)The number of fruit seeds and the number of pieces have a very significant correlation,with the correlation coefficient reaching 0.828;(4)With the number of pieces decreasing,the morphological index and content of the fruit decline to various degrees.Among them,the soluble protein content of T6 treatment was 73.09%lower than that of CK treatment.In conclusion,the decrease in the number of stigma pieces will significantly reduce the yield and quality of pitaya.The research results provide a theoretical basis for the discussion of natural pollination of pitaya in Hainan Province,and provide theoretical guidance for art ificial pollination of pitaya.