电子数据取证与个人信息权的冲突与消解

The Conflict between Electronic Data Collection and Individual Information Protection and Its Resolution

在司法工作深度融合人工智能、大数据等前沿数字科技的时代背景下,证据也迎来了数字化转型。当前侦查人员青睐于收集并提取行为人在网络中留下的行为痕迹,将其用于侦破刑事案件、打击犯罪,最终实现维护社会秩序稳定之目的。但在助力司法工作的同时,相较于传统证据形式,电子数据在收集、固定、披露以及共享的过程中更易对公民个人信息权造成侵害。以个人信息保护为视角,重新审视现有的电子数据取证体系。从权力控制方面,由审批手续、收集方式、调取范围三个角度入手,对具体取证行为予以规制;从权利保障方面,为防止潜在的侵权行为发生,中立机关应依法监督,同时确保数据主体享有申诉控告权等救济性权利,以期消解个人对公权力干预个人信息权的担忧。

As the deep integration of cutting-edge digital technologies,such as artificial intelligence and big data with judicial work,evidence witnesses its digital transformation.Currently,investigators are liable to collect and extract behavioral traces of perpetrators logged by network,and apply them to handling criminal cases and combating crimes with an ultimate purpose of maintaining social stability.However,different from traditional types of evidence,it is more likely to violate individual information rights when collecting,fixing,disclosing and sharing the electronic data,though the data does offer assistance to judicial work.Therefore,The existing electronic data forensic system should be re-examined from the perspective of individual information protection.The evidence collection should be regulated by the exercise of power from approval procedures,collection methods,access control to the data.The impartial third party should be introduced to supervise and avoid potential violations on individual rights according to the law,and ensure the data subjects’right of relief like appealing,so as to relieve people’s anxiety that public authority may interfere with the individual information rights.