论民事纠纷相对性解决原则

On the Principle of Relativeness in the Resolution of Civil Disputes

民事纠纷是当事人之间就民事权利义务关系发生的争议。民事纠纷一旦纳入民事诉讼程序,其争议的解决通常就是法院在特定的当事人之间,就当事人主张的权利和相应事实范围内,对其事实的确认和对权利义务作出裁判,其裁判的效力是相对的,事实认定也是相对的,也就构成了所谓的纠纷相对性解决原则。纠纷相对性解决原则是对民事纠纷通过诉讼程序解决的一般情形的一种表达。这一原则不仅体现了民事纠纷的特点,反映了民事诉讼法处分原则的要求,也是法律思维和法律推理逻辑特点的体现和反映。以这一原则对民事诉讼实践活动进行审视,可以发现人们在解决民事纠纷时,往往没有顾忌这一原则,纠纷一次性解决、穿透式审判等实践活动都可能存在跨界越边的情形。从纠纷相对性解决原则这一视角还可以发现人们实践中的所谓裁判预决效、同案同判或类案同判等习以为常的概念所存在的问题。因此,充分认识这一原则有助于人们理解和把握民事诉讼中纠纷解决的规律,认真对待民事纠纷解决中的特殊情形,为其设置相应的条件,构建有利于符合民事纠纷特点的诉讼制度。

A civil dispute,which occurs over the relationship of civil rights and obligations between two parties,once considered in the civil procedures,is usually resolved by a court through fact finding and adjudication of rights and obligations within the scope of the facts raised and the rights claimed by the parties.Both its judgment effect and fact finding are relative,which constitutes the so-called principle of relativeness in the resolution of civil disputes.Such a principle summarizes the general situation in which civil disputes are resolved,embodies the nature of civil disputes and the requirements for their resolution in civil procedure law,and reflects the characteristics of legal mind and reasoning.A review of the practice of the civil litigation may reveal that people in resolving civil disputes often do not abide by this principle,as typified by the extreme case of one-time settlement of disputes and penetrating trial.Also,problems exist in the so-called pre-determination effect,like cases be treated alike,and other concepts that people take for granted in practice.Therefore,a full knowledge of this principle will help people comprehend and grasp the law that govern the resolution of dispute in civil procedures,take into account seriously the particular circumstances,set the corresponding criterion for resolving the disputes,and establish a civil litigation system that tallies with the nature of the resolution of civil disputes.