明代重阳词的民俗意蕴与时代特色

The Folk Customs Implication and Characteristics of Chongyang Festival Poetry in the Ming Dynasty

登高、菊花、茱萸是明代重阳词的三大元素。登高是明代重阳词的重要题材,词人登高咏怀,抒发豪迈意兴、人生感怀、怀古幽思。菊花是明代重阳的节日标志,词人记录赏菊、簪菊、饮菊酒、食菊糕等民俗,并借菊花写闲适之趣、时地之慨。茱萸是明代重阳的重要物象,词人描绘插茱萸、佩萸囊、看茱萸、饮茱萸酒等民俗,并借此抒写节序流转和思乡愁绪。在明代重阳词中,菊花意象远多于茱萸意象,原因在于菊花更具观赏性,更贴近生活,内涵也更为丰富。

There are three elements of Chongyang Festival poetry in the Ming Dynasty: height ascending, chrysanthemum and cornus.Height ascending is an important theme of such poetry.Poets climb mountains and sing of their feelings, express their heroic enthusiasm and reminiscence about life, and meditate on the past.Chrysanthemum is the symbol of Chongyang Festival.Poets record folk customs such as appreciating chrysanthemum, wearing chrysanthemum as decorations, drinking chrysanthemum wine and eating chrysanthemum cakes.Cornus is an important image of Chongyang Festival in the Ming Dynasty.Poets describe the folk customs of wearing cornus, carrying the cornus pouch, appreciating cornus and drinking cornus wine.Through these descriptions, poets express their emotions about seasonal alternation and their homesickness.In these poems in the Ming Dynasty, chrysanthemum images outnumber those of cornus, mainly because chrysanthemum is more ornamental and closer to life, and has richer connotation.