元初北方诗坛的慕陶之风

The Trend of Admiring Tao in Poetic Circles in the North in the Early Yuan Dynasty

元初北方诗坛延续宋金以来的慕陶传统,隐者以慕陶自释,仕者以慕陶为依托,慕陶之风盛行。诗人尊陶重陶,陶渊明形象中原有的隐逸、高洁等特点被继承并得到认可,豪爽、刚烈等特征被特别强调突出,出现了“陶李”“屈陶”并称之说。在诗歌创作上,以和陶、咏菊与咏桃源、题陶画三类最具特色,不仅作品数量众多,而且形式多样。元初北方诗人既强调语言、典故等方面的学习,更追求精神上的契合与自身情感的抒发。他们高度认可并主动选择陶渊明,在延续旧说的基础上,对其形象进行重新塑造,用诗歌评陶、论陶、学陶,慕陶成为元初北方诗坛的重要特征。

At the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, the northern poets continued the tradition of admiring Tao Yuanming as in Song and Jin Dynasty.Hermits relieved themselves by admiring Tao, officials relied on the spirit of Tao, and admiring Tao was prevalent at that time.The literati respected and thought highly of Tao.The features of Tao’s image such as seclusion and loftiness were accepted and inherited by them with a particular emphasis on being uninhibited and unyielding, and thus came into the wording of Tao-Li(Tao Yuanming and Li Bai) and "Qu-Tao(Qu Yuan and Tao Yuanming).The three most distinctive poetry subjects are poems in response to Tao, poems singing of chrysanthemum and The Peach Blossom Visionary Land as well as paintings with poems about or by Tao, and they are large in number and diverse in form.At the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, the northern poets stressed the learning of Tao’s language style and use of allusion, and they were also desperate to pursue the spiritual integration and self-emotion expression.They highly recognized Tao, actively chose Tao Yuanming, reinvented Tao’s image on the basis of the tradition, commented on Tao, discussed about Tao, learned from Tao, and admiring Tao had become a key feature of the northern poetry at the beginning of Yuan Dynasty.