城镇污水处理工艺去除病原微生物的研究进展

Research Progress of Urban Wastewater Treatment Process for Pathogenic Microorganisms Removal

城镇污水中含有大量的病原微生物,其具有强致病性和强耐受性,进入水环境后可能对人类健康及生态环境造成严重影响,因此,对污水中病原微生物的控制尤为关键。消毒工艺是控制病原微生物的主要工艺,但较高的病原微生物负荷可能会影响消毒工艺的效果,为了控制污水厂出水的微生物风险,这需要消毒工艺前的各工艺将水中的病原微生物量控制到较低的程度以保障出水水质的安全,因此,探究并强化除消毒工艺外的污水处理工艺对病原微生物的控制则具有重要意义。文中综述了病原微生物的种类及其危害性,总结分析了污水处理厂各工艺对病原微生物的控制效能及机理,最后对现阶段病原微生物控制存在的问题及尚需完善的内容进行了讨论,以期为污水处理厂中病原微生物的控制提供参考。

Municipal wastewater contains a large number of pathogenic microorganisms,which have strong pathogenicity and strong tolerance and may cause serious effects on human health and ecological environment after entering the water body.Therefore,the control of pathogenic microorganisms in wastewater is particularly critical.Disinfection process is the main process for the control of pathogenic microorganisms,but a high load of pathogenic microorganisms may affect the effect of disinfection process.In order to control the microbial risk of wastewater treatment plant(WWTP)effluent,it is necessary to control the amount of pathogenic microorganisms in wastewater to a low degree by all processes before disinfection process to ensure the safety of effluent quality.Therefore,it is of great significance to explore and strengthen the wastewater treatment process in addition to the disinfection process for the control of pathogenic microorganisms.In this paper,the types and harmfulness of pathogenic microorganisms are reviewed,and the control efficiency and mechanism of each process on pathogenic microorganism in WWTP are summarized and analyzed.Finally,the existing problems and the contents that need to be improved in the control of pathogenic microorganisms are discussed,in order to provide a reference for WWTP of pathogenic microorganisms in control.