社会补偿制度立法必要性、可行性及初步构建

Legislation of Social Compensation System:Necessity,Feasibility and Preliminary Construction

社会补偿是指国家对因自然性、社会性或政策性等不可抗拒风险以及社会歧视行为而造成的利益损失进行修复与补偿。该制度起源于德国,对于弥补传统国家补偿责任体系的不足、补足现行社会保障体系的功能短板、防止个体利益与社会利益失衡等方面有着重要意义。就中国而言,公民获得物质帮助权的宪法权利、趋于成熟的现行社会保障体系以及后疫情时代的国家法治、经济发展的契机为社会补偿制度的建立和运行提供了充分的可行性。因此,我国应当尽快建立起社会补偿制度,确立社会补偿"社会风险共担为主,及时性、兜底性为辅"的原则,明晰社会补偿法律关系主体,建立补偿体系,并设定相应的法律责任。

Social compensation refers to the state’s restoration and compensation for the loss of benefits caused by natural,social,or policy-related risks and social discriminatory behaviors.This system originated in Germany and is of great significance in making up for the shortcomings of the traditional national compensation responsibility system,making up for the shortcomings of the current social security system,and preventing the imbalance between individual interests and social interests.As far as China is concerned,citizens’constitutional right to receive material assistance,the current social security system that is becoming mature,the country’s rule of law in the post-epidemic era,and the opportunity for economic development provide sufficient feasibility for the establishment and operation of the social compensation system.Therefore,our country should establish a social compensation system as soon as possible,establish the principle of social compensation“sharing social risks first,and timeliness and comprehensiveness as supplementary”,clarify the subject of social compensation legal relations,establish a compensation system,and set corresponding laws responsibility.