司法社工介入合适成年人参与制度的困境研究——以云南省J机构为例

Research on the Dilemma of Judicial Social Workers’ Involvement in the System of Appropriate Adult Participation——Based on the Practice of Yunnan J Institution

合适成年人参与制度作为少年司法领域中实现涉罪未成年人制度赋权的重要环节,是涉罪未成年人接收到的第一份社会支持力量。然而,司法社工介入合适成年人参与制度仍然会受到来自公、检、法三方对于权力和资源的制约与限制。在现行制度下,当前的法律文本只要求公、检、法机关在对涉罪未成年人进行一系列动作时合适成年人必须到场,而关于司法社工的介入以及享有怎样的权限和定位还没有明确的规定。作为外部力量的干预,司法社工者在嵌入少年司法领域过程中通常面临着独立性丧失、位置与角色错位、服务实践中专业性模糊等困境。推进司法社工介入未成年人参与制度,需要国家制度文本层面对其认可,尤其是通过制度实践优化改进来明确司法社工的地位以加强司法社工专职合适成年人的培养,并通过增强司法社工服务资源的独立性改善司法社工介入服务时的依附性地位。只有摆脱司法流程的"灵活性"才能早日实现司法社工权能的独立性。

However, the involvement of judicial social workers in the system of appropriate adult participation is still subject to the constraints and limitations of power and resources from the public, the prosecution and the law. Under the current system, the current legal text only guarantees the presence of suitable adults when the public prosecution and law enforcement agencies carry out a series of actions for juveniles involved in crimes, but there is no clear regulation on the intervention of judicial social workers, and what authority and positioning they enjoy. As the intervention of external forces, judicial social workers usually face difficulties such as loss of independence, dislocation of position and role, and blurred professionalism in service practice in the process of embedding in the juvenile justice field. In order to promote the involvement of judicial social workers in the juvenile justice system, it is necessary,first of all, to obtain recognition at the level of the national institutional text, especially to clarify the status of judicial social workers through the optimization and improvement of institutional practice, to strengthen the cultivation of full-time suitable adults for judicial social workers, and to improve the dependent status of judicial social workers when they intervene in the service by enhancing the independence of judicial social workers’ service resources. Only by getting rid of the “flexibility” of judicial process can the independence of judicial social workers’ authority be realized as soon as possible.