中国生猪养殖场种养一体化综合效益评价研究--基于8省的实地调研

STUDY ON COMPREHENSIVE BENEFIT EVALUATION OF INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK OF PIG FARMS IN CHINA--A CASE STUDY OF FIELD RESEARCH IN EIGHT PROVINCES

[目的]种养分离的农业发展方式对生态环境造成严重破坏,是不可持续的发展方式,为重构种养一体化农业循环链条,促进农业健康可持续发展,通过实地调研,分析了中国生猪养殖场种养一体化现状,并从经济效益、社会效益和生态效益方面确定了14项综合效益评价指标,从实证角度对种养一体化农业系统的综合效益进行评价。[方法]文章综合运用层次分析法和熵值法测算综合效益评价指标的权重,利用线性加权求和的方法对生猪养殖场种养一体化综合效益进行评价。[结果]研究发现:在评价指标的权重方面,生态效益与社会效益的权重已经高于经济效益权重,说明当下社会更加注重生态和社会效益的发展;种养一体化农业系统的综合效益值明显高于非种养一体化,小、中、大规模的生猪养殖场种养一体化综合效益值分别是非种养一体化的1.16、1.20和1.17倍;综合效益值随养殖规模扩大呈现出先增加后减小的趋势,且养殖规模为1300头左右时综合效益值最高。[结论]虽然种养一体化农业系统的综合效益高于专业化农业生产,但在生猪养殖场种养一体化中仍然存在种养失衡、种养协作微弱等问题,尚未达到系统最优化,因此从种养平衡、养分管理体系建设、提高沼气工程利用率和优化种植结构方面提出对策建议。

The agricultural development method of separation of planting and breeding has caused serious damage to the ecological environment and is an unsustainable development method.In order to reconstruct the integrated agricultural cycle chain of planting and breeding,and promote the healthy and sustainable development of agriculture,through field research,we analyzes the species of pig farms in China.The status quo of the integration of planting and breeding,and 14 comprehensive benefit evaluation indicators are determined from the aspects of economic benefits,social benefits and ecological benefits,and the comprehensive benefits of the integrated planting and breeding agricultural system are evaluated from an empirical perspective.This research adopted the comprehensive use of analytic hierarchy process and entropy method to measure the weight of the comprehensive benefit evaluation index,and used the linear weighted sum method to evaluate the comprehensive benefit of pig breeding integration.It found that in terms of the weight of evaluation indicators,the weight of ecological and social benefits had been higher than that of economic benefits,indicating that the current society paid more attention to the development of ecological and social benefits;the comprehensive benefit value of the integrated planting and breeding agricultural system was significantly higher than that of non-integration of planting and breeding,the integrated benefits of small,medium and large-scale pig farms were 1.16,1.20 and 1.17 times that of non-planting and breeding integration;the comprehensive benefit value showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the expansion of the breeding scale,and the comprehensive benefit value was the highest when the breeding scale was about 1300.In summary,although the comprehensive benefits of the integrated planting and feeding agricultural system are higher than that of specialized agricultural production.However,in the integration of croplivestock in pig farms,there are still problems such as imbalance in breeding and weak cooperation between breeding and breeding,and the system has not yet reached the optimization.So,this research put forward countermeasures and suggestions in terms of nutrient balance,nutrient management system construction,improving the utilization rate of biogas projects and optimizing planting structure.