基于线粒体控制区分析固始鸡遗传多样性和起源进化

Analyses of genetic diversity and phylogenetic evolution of Gushi chicken based on mitochondrial DNA control region sequence

为探究固始鸡遗传多样性和母系起源,以73只固始鸡为试验素材,通过PCR扩增和测序技术,获得固始鸡线粒体DNA控制区全序列,并与19条红色原鸡序列构建系统发育树。结果表明:固始鸡mtDNA控制区全长为1231或1232bp,1231bp个体在859bp处存在C缺失。73只个体共发现15处单核苷酸多态位点,为6种单倍型。遗传多样性分析表明,固始鸡平均核苷酸差异数(K)为5.287,核苷酸多样度(Pi)为0.00429±0.00013,单倍型多样度(Hd)为0.600±0.034。系统发育分析显示,6种单倍型可分为A和C 2个分支,A分支与原鸡滇南亚种(Gallus gallus spadiceus)聚为一类,C分支与原鸡印度亚种(Gallus gallus murghi)、原鸡滇南亚种(Gallus gallus spadiceus)、原鸡指名亚种(Gallus gallus gallus)以及原鸡印尼亚种(Gallus gallus bankiva)聚为一类,推测固始鸡可能有多个母系起源。这一研究为从分子水平探究固始鸡遗传资源保护和开发利用提供参考。

In order to explore the genetic diversity and maternal origin of Gushi chicken,the whole sequence of mitochondrial DNA control region of Gushi chicken was sequenced by PCR amplification and direct sequencing,then the sequences of Gushi chickens and 19 red jungle fowl were constructed into phylogenetic trees.The results showed that the mtDNA control area of Gushi chicken was 1231 or 1232 bp,and 1231 bp had C deletion at 859 bp.,There were 15 mutation sites and 6 haplotypes were found by 73 samples assayed.Genetic diversity analysis showed that the average nucleotide difference(K),nucleotide diversity(Pi),and haplotype diversity(Hd)of Gushi chickens were 5.287,0.00429±0.00013 and 0.600±0.034,respectively.Phylogenetic analysis showed that 6 haplotypes could be divided into A and C branches.The clade A were clustered with Gallus gallus spadiceus;the clade C were clustered with Gallus gallus murgha,Gallus gallus spadiceus,Gallus gallus gallus and Gallus gallus bankiva.It could be concluded that Gushi chicken might have multiple maternal origins.This study will provide references for further studying the conservation and utilization of Gushi chickens at the molecular level.