以菌渣为主料的人参栽培基质筛选研究

Study on the screening of ginseng culture medium with mushroom residue aSmain material

为合理利用废弃菌渣资源,以菌渣为主料辅以珍珠岩和有机肥,按不同比例配制成人参栽培基质。通过分析不同基质配方的理化性质、人参生长发育性状以及产量和品质,拟筛选出适合大田人参栽培的基质配方。结果表明:各栽培基质的水气调控能力好,有机质、有效态氮、有效磷、速效钾含量均显著高于大田改良土壤(CK),能为人参的生长发育提供所需的营养成分。经主成分综合模型评价分析,处理T5(菌渣、珍珠岩比为5∶3,鹿粪用量为6kg·m^(-2))在人参出苗率、保苗率、农艺性状等指标表现较好,产量显著高于CK和其他栽培基质处理。

In order to make rational use of the waste mushroom residue resources, the cultivation substrate of adult ginseng was prepared with mushroom residue as the main material, supplemented with perlite and organic fertilizer. By analyzing the physical and chemical properties, growth and development characteristics, yield and quality of different matrix formulations, the suitable substrate formula for ginseng cultivation in field was selected. The results showed that the cultivation media had good water and gas regulation ability, and the contents of organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were significantly higher than those in field improved soil(CK), and could provide the necessary nutrients for the growth and development of ginseng. The results showed that T5(mushroom residue∶perlite=5∶3, deer manure 6 kg·m^(-2)) had better performance in the aspects of ginseng seedling emergence rate, seedling protection rate and agronomic traits, and its yield was significantly higher than that of CK and other cultivation media, which could lay a foundation for the development of new ginseng cultivation media in the future.