应急征用补偿的制度检视与优化进路——以突发公共卫生事件为视角

System Inspection and Optimizing Path of Emergency Expropriation Compensation——From the Perspective of Public Health Emergency

应急征用措施作为抑制突发公共卫生事件无序扩散的前置手段,在疫情处置与防控过程中扮演了重要角色。但当前突发公共卫生事件背景下的应急征用补偿作为填补被征用主体特别损害的制度性保障,在实定规范和具体实践中还存有较多疏漏。与应急征用行为相关联的补偿制度在规范层面存有补偿原则尚不一致、范围尚不具体、标准尚不统一、程序较为粗略和救济途径较为单一等立法障碍,在具体实践中面临应急征用主体补偿观念淡薄、补偿告知义务缺漏等现实困境。完善应急征用补偿制度的实定规范,改进应急征用主体观念缺失等实践领域现存的诸多问题,不失为突发公共卫生事件背景下应急征用补偿制度的具体优化路径。

As a preliminary means to restrain the disordered spread of public health emergency, emergency expropriation measures have played an important role in the process of epidemic handling and prevention.However, under the background of current public health emergency, as a system guarantee to pay the special damage to expropriated entities, emergency expropriation compensation has shown some oversights of the customary norms and actual practice.In terms of norms, the compensation system related with emergency expropriation behaviors faceslegislative obstacles such as inconsistent compensation principles, indefinite compensation scope, varied compensation standards, rough compensation procedures and the invariable relief means.In actual practice, we will face practical dilemmas such as the emergency compensation entities’ weak compensation awareness, lack of compensation notification duty, etc.Under the background of public health emergency, the specific path to optimize the system of emergency expropriation compensation is to perfect the customary norms of emergency expropriation compensation system, and solve the existent practical problems such as the lack of entity awarenessof emergency expropriation.