大历史与大传统:两种人类学的理念与实践

Great History and Great Tradition: The Idea and Practice of Two Kinds of Anthropology

历史人类学与文学人类学近年来分别倡导的"大历史"与"大传统"理念,均将目光投向人类文明的早期,纵深考察人类文明的发生学与动力学因素,其中所呈现的综合性与跨学科趋势超越了传统史学与文学研究相对狭小的疆域。由于学科发展与学术旨趣的不同,二者的具体诉求与相关实践也体现出一定的差异。前者姿态更为激进,其理论谱系除历史学、人类学还涉及宇宙学、生命科学、生态学等众多领域;后者因崛起较晚相关理论仍在探索中,因而对"大传统"的讨论尚限于考古学范围。尽管如此,后者对于大、小传统概念的革新与改造,显示出理论接受过程中的本土反思与知识创新。

The concepts of “great history” and “great tradition” advocated by historical anthropology and literary anthropology in recent years have focused on the early stage of human civilization and investigated the genesis and dynamic factors of human civilization in depth;the comprehensive and interdisciplinary trend has surpassed the relatively narrow territory of traditional historiography and literary research.Due to the difference between disciplinary development and academic purport, their specific pursuit and related practice also reflect some differences.The former is more radical, and its theoretical pedigree involves not only history and anthropology, but also cosmology, life science, ecology and many other fields;and the latter thrived relatively late and the relevant theories are still being explored, so the exploration of “great tradition” is currently limited to the scope of archaeology.Nevertheless, the innovation and reform of traditional concepts by the latter show the local reflection and knowledge innovation in the process of theoretical acceptance.