干旱地区土壤深松条件下灌溉定额对棉花产量形成的影响

Effect of Irrigation Quota on Cotton Yield Formation under Soil Subsoiling in Arid Area

为探讨干旱地区土壤深松条件下灌溉定额对棉花农艺指标和产量的影响,在新疆阿克苏地区深松40㎝的条件下设置灌溉定额为2400 m^(3)/hm^(2)、3000 m^(3)/hm^(2)、3600 m^(3)/hm^(2)、4200 m^(3)/hm^(2)(以W1、W2、W3、W4表示)4个处理于棉花全生育期内分10次滴水灌溉。结果表明:灌溉定额与棉花株高呈正相关,但W4与W3差异不显著;干物质积累量以W3最高,分别较W1、W2和W4处理增加27.08%、17.35%和3.57%,且W3蕾铃生殖器官干物质分配比例最高,为60.9%;随着灌溉定额增加籽棉产量呈先增加后降低趋势,灌溉定额高于3600 m^(3)/hm^(2)时,籽棉产量开始下降,主要是单株结铃数和单铃重显著下降,而衣分的差异不显著。分析认为,在阿克苏地区土壤深松条件下适宜的灌溉定额为3600 m^(3)/hm^(2)。

In order to explore the influence of irrigation quotas on cotton agronomic indicators and yield under the condition of soil subsoiling in arid areas, set the irrigation quota of 2400 m^(3)/hm^(2), 3000 m^(3)/hm^(2), 3600 m^(3)/hm^(2)and 4200 m^(3)/hm^(2)(expressed by W1, W2, W3 and W4) under the condition of 40 cm deep loosening in Aksu area, Xinjiang, and the four treatments were irrigated by drip irrigation 10 times during the whole growth period of cotton. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between irrigation quota and cotton plant height, but there was no significant difference between W4 and W3. The accumulation of dry matter in W3 was the highest, which increased by 27.08%, 17.35% and 3.57% respectively compared with W1, W2 and W4 treatment, and the dry matter distribution proportion of reproductive organs in W3 was the highest, which was 60.9%. With the increase of irrigation quota, the yield of seed cotton increased first and then decreased, and the irrigation quota was higher than 3600 m^(3)/hm^(2), the yield of seed cotton began to decline, mainly due to the significant decline of boll number and boll weight per plant, but there was no significant difference in lint percentage. The analysis shows that under the condition of subsoiling in Aksu, the appropriate irrigation quota is 3600 m^(3)/hm^(2).