交警非现场执法的根基及其法治意义

On the Theoretical Foundation of Off-Site Law Enforcement by Traffic Police and Its Legal Significance

在我国,围绕交警非现场执法已有较为成熟的制度设计和规制理论,然而,尚缺乏一套从法哲学层面系统阐释该行为的理论范式。当前,交警非现场处罚“全民化”承载着秩序维护性和权利损害性的双重价值趋向。以此为基点,经由立法宗旨和法理特性的追本溯源,可以得出交警非现场执法的理论根基应为“交通秩序为主人权保障为辅”的“新秩序观”的结论。“新秩序观”不仅具有国内外立法例的规范印证和双重维度下富有操作性的适用逻辑,而且具有“秩序与人权同等保护论”和“秩序维护至上论”难以比拟的理论优势。以“新秩序观”检讨和重构交警非现场执法的相关立法、执法和司法问题,可以增强道路交通安全相关立法的科学性、“电子警察”设置与应用的规范性、司法审查的保护性。

In China,there are relatively mature institutional designs and regulatory theories concerning off-site law enforcement by traffic police,however,there is still a lack of a theoretical paradigm that systematically explains such behavior from the perspective of legal philosophy.At present,the"universalization"of an off-site penalty by traffic police carries two-fold value tendencies of order maintenance and right damage.With this as the base point,through tracing back to the source in terms of legislative purpose and jurisprudential features,it could be concluded that the theoretical foundation of off-site law enforcement by traffic police should be the"new doctrine of order"with the"traffic order as the main value and human rights protection as the supplementary one".The"new doctrine of order"does not only have the normative evidence of domestic and foreign legislation and the practical logic of application under the double dimensions,but also enjoys theoretical advantages which"the theory of equal protection of order and human rights"and"the theory of supremacy of order maintenance"can hardly match.The adoption of the"new doctrine of order"to review and reconstruct the legislative,law enforcement,and judicial issues related to off-site law enforcement of traffic police can enhance the scientific nature of the legislation related to road traffic safety,the standardization of the setting and application of"electronic police"and the protection of judicial review.