普希金的莎士比亚情结——论《安哲鲁》对《一报还一报》的改写

Pushkin’s Shakespeare Complex:On Angelo’s Rewriting of Measure for Measure

莎士比亚是普希金学习的重要对象,莎剧《一报还一报》即是其长诗《安哲鲁》的直接来源。有研究表明,普希金在该剧中发现了“体裁间性”创作手法,并将之应用于《安哲鲁》的创作中,也有人指出,该长诗借助自由式翻译与选择性翻译改写而成。本文认为,除了“体裁间性”外,还有其他重要因素,其中之一就是普希金很看重莎剧中有关权力、法治、道德关系的主题,而在自由式翻译与选择性翻译的背后,还隐藏着他的独特的创作立意,具体而言,与俄国的政治现实、他个人的遭际及婚姻生活有着最为直接的联系,可以说,普希金借外国的故事,通过自由式和选择性翻译,讲述了他自己的“故事”,以此达成曲折传义的创作意图。

Shakespeare has been an important imitative object of Pushkin. Shakespeare’s play Measure for Measure is the direct source of Pushkin’s long poem Angelo. It is assumed that Pushkin borrowed the inter-genre creation technique, and applied it to his own poetry writing. It is also believed that Angelo was written by means of free translation and partial translation. This paper argues that there are other elements in addition to the inter-genre features, among which is Pushkin’s attention to the Shakespearean play’s themes on the relationship between power, law, and morality. Hidden behind free translation and partial translation is Pushkin’s creative purpose closely related to the Russian political realities, his personal sufferings, and marital life. Pushkin borrowed a foreign story to represent the themes on the relations among political power, legislation and ethics, and he adopted free translation and partial translation to narrate his own “story” in order to accomplish his writing purpose indirectly and implicitly.