凌廷堪学术思想与诗文批评

Ling Tingkan’s Academic Thought and His Literary Criticism of Poetic Prose

凌廷堪的诗文批评和其学术思想之间存在着紧密的联系。作为汉学家,他主张“以礼代理”;作为文学家,他以骈文为正统。二者均是抑宋扬汉的一体两面。随着凌廷堪的学术思想走向成熟,其文学观念逐渐呈现出鲜明的学者风格。凌氏治学深受乾嘉考据学和西学的影响,主张由字通辞,由字通道。凌廷堪的骈文观念推动了阮元“文笔说”的发展,其影响甚至波及后世的刘师培、黄侃。其诗论则上承翁方纲,下启程恩泽,实乃晚清学者诗论之前驱,在清中叶至晚清的学人诗脉中占有重要的位置。

Ling Tingkan’s literary criticism has particular relevance to his academic thought.As a sinologist,he advocates that the rites supplant Neo-Confucianism.As a litterateur,he regarded Pianwen(the rhythmical prose characterized by parallelism and ornateness)as orthodoxy.Both are the two sides of one body to suppress the Song Study and carry forward the Han Study.With the development of Ling’s academic thought,his viewpoints on literature began to show scholastic style obviously.Since Ling was influenced by Qian-Jia textology and Western learning deeply,he claimed that only by figuring out what the word means can we obtain the correct solutions to Tao.Ling’s viewpoints on Pianwen promoted the development of Ruan Yuan’s theory of“writing style”,which had a long-term impact on Liu Shipei and Huang Kan.His poetics built a connection with Weng Fanggang and Cheng Enze,which is actually the pioneer of scholastic poetics of the late Qing dynasty,playing an important role in the vein of the intellectual’s poetry from the middle Qing dynasty to the late Qing dynasty.