海洋微微型蓝藻与异养细菌相互作用的研究进展

Advances in the interactions between marine picocyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria

菌藻相互作用是海洋生态学领域研究的重要方向之一。海洋微微型蓝藻(Marine picocyanobacteria)是遍布全球海洋的重要初级生产者,在全球碳循环和微食物网中发挥重要作用。原绿球藻属(Prochlorococcus)和聚球藻属(Synechococcus)是海洋微微型蓝藻最重要的两个类群。原位调查和培养实验均证实微微型蓝藻与异养细菌之间存在复杂的相互作用关系。两者相互作用的物质基础包括有机碳、维生素、氨基酸及无机营养盐等,主要作用方式是互惠共生:海洋微微型蓝藻通过初级生产能够为异养细菌提供重要的有机碳来源,异养细菌矿化生成的无机营养物能够被微微型蓝藻再吸收利用,与异养细菌的相互作用是微微型蓝藻实现生存优势的重要保障。本文总结了当前海洋微微型蓝藻与异养细菌主要相互作用的相关研究,并对未来研究领域中应该关注的问题进行了展望以期深入解析其生态学功能。

Algae–bacteria interaction is among the key areas in marine ecology.Marine picocyanobacteria are ubiquitous primary producers in the aquatic habitat;they play vital roles in global carbon cycles and microbial food webs.Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus are the two most important genera of marine picocyanobacteria.Through field and culture research,complicated interactions between cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria were verified.The material basis of their interactions includes organic carbon,vitamins,amino acids,and inorganic nutrients,which is mainly through reciprocal symbiosis.Marine picocyanobacteria provide great sources of organic carbon for heterotrophic bacteria through primary production.Consecutively,heterotrophic bacteria release inorganic nutrients through mineralization for absorption by picocyanobacteria.These crucial interactions guarantee the survival of picocyanobacteria.In this study,the main interactions between marine picocyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria were summarized.Additionally,the concerned problems for future research were put forward for further understanding of their ecological functions.